Sepsis is the body's extreme response to an infection. It can develop from an infection anywhere in the body — lungs, urinary tract, skin, gut — and can rapidly become life-threatening. Recognizing the warning signs early saves lives.
Know the signs — TIME
The CDC uses the acronym T-I-M-E to remember sepsis warning signs:
- T — Temperature higher or lower than normal
- I — Infection: may have signs and symptoms of an infection
- M — Mental decline: confused, sleepy, difficult to rouse
- E — Extremely ill: severe pain, discomfort, shortness of breath
Other common signs:
- Clammy or sweaty skin
- Rapid heartbeat or breathing
- Very low blood pressure
- Discolored or mottled skin
Who is at highest risk
- Adults 65 or older
- Infants younger than 1
- People with weakened immune systems
- People with chronic conditions such as diabetes, lung disease, cancer, or kidney disease
- People who have recently had surgery or a hospital stay
- People with implanted medical devices such as catheters or lines
What to do
- If you or a loved one is very sick with an infection and any warning sign of sepsis, seek medical care immediately
- Say the words: "I am concerned about sepsis." Clinicians will recognize the phrase and act
- Do not wait to see if it gets better on its own
Prevention
- Get recommended vaccines (flu, COVID-19, pneumococcal, shingles)
- Take care of chronic conditions
- Treat infections promptly — do not stop antibiotics early
- Clean wounds thoroughly and watch for signs of infection
- Wash hands often
After sepsis
Many survivors experience post-sepsis syndrome — fatigue, difficulty concentrating, sleep problems, or emotional changes — for weeks to months. Recovery is real, and rehabilitation helps.
Key takeaways
- Sepsis is a medical emergency
- Learn the T-I-M-E warning signs
- Say the word "sepsis" out loud if you suspect it
- Vaccines and prompt treatment of infections prevent many cases
Source: U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).